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Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, The Czech Republic, Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, The Republic of Congo , The Democratic Republic of the Congo, The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Salvador, China, Hong Kong-China, Japan, Mongolia, Macao-China, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan-China, Belarus, Estonia, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Mayotte, Mauritius, Rwanda, Reunion, Somalia, Seychelles, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Aland Islands, Bonaire,SaintEustatiusAndSaba, Denmark, Finland, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Canada, Cuba, Commonwealth of Dominica, Cayman Islands, Dominican, Grenada, Greenland, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Jersey, Mexico, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Pierre And Miquelon, Sint Maarten, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, United States Minor Outlying Islands, U.S.Virgin Islands, Australia, American Samoa, Cocos Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, New Zealand, Nauru, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Palau, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Tuvalu, Tonga, The Cook Islands, Tokelau, Vanuatu, Wallis And Futuna, Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Andorra, Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, French Southern Territories, Greece, Italy, Malta, Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, Romania, Spain, San Marino, Slovenia, Serbia, Vatican, Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Saint Helena, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Curacao, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyana, Llívia, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Syria, State of Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Belgium, France, Guernsey, Ireland, Isle Of Man, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Burkina Faso, Benin, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Liberia, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Western SaharaH-shaped steel is a type of steel with a cross-sectional shape similar to the English letter "H". It has the characteristics of strong bending resistance, good stability, and material saving. It is widely used in heavy steel structures such as high-rise buildings, bridges, factories, and machinery.
Common H-beam materials in China (GB standard)
Q235B Carbon structural steel General type, used for general building structures, factory buildings, etc., with good weldability and low cost.
Q345B Low alloy high strength steel Yield strength ≥345MPa, used for large span bridges, high-rise buildings, etc.
Q355B New generation low alloy steel Replaces Q345B, with better comprehensive performance (GB/T 1591-2018).
Q390/Q420 High strength structural steel Used for special load-bearing structures such as super high-rise buildings and heavy machinery.
Q460 Ultra-high strength steel Used for special projects such as large stadiums, airport terminals, etc.
International common H-beam materials
American Standard (ASTM) ASTM A36 General purpose carbon steel, moderate strength, widely used in construction and machinery manufacturing.
ASTM A572 Gr50 High strength low alloy steel, good weather resistance, suitable for bridges and heavy structures.
European Standard (EN) S235JR/S355JR corresponds to domestic Q235B/Q355B, mainstream structural steel in Europe, excellent welding performance.
Japanese Standard (JIS) SM400/SM490 Commonly used building structural steel in Japan, SM490 is equivalent to Q345B.
British Standard (BS) Grade 43A/50B British standard, 43A is similar to Q235, 50B is similar to Q345.
Key points for material selection
Load requirements:
General buildings → Q235B/A36
Large span/high-rise → Q345B/A572 Gr50
Ultra-heavy structures → Q420/Q460
Environmental factors:
Wet/coastal → weathering steel (Q355NH)
High temperature environment → fire-resistant steel (Q345FR)
Welding process:
Low alloy steel (such as Q345B) needs to be preheated to prevent cold cracks.
Summary
Most commonly used materials: Q235B (domestic), ASTM A36 (international).
High strength options: Q345B/Q355B, A572 Gr50, SM490.
Special requirements: weathering steel, fire-resistant steel, high-rise steel.
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